Design of functional array electrode stimulation system with surface electromyography feedback / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to solve the problems of insufficient stimulation channels and lack of stimulation effect feedback in the current electrical stimulation system, a functional array electrode electrical stimulation system with surface electromyography (sEMG) feedback was designed in this paper. Firstly, the effectiveness of the system was verified through

Effects of perioperative pelvic floor muscle training on early recovery of urinary continence and erectile function in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Aims: Radical prostatectomy (RP) can result in urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED), which negatively impact quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a perioperative pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program versus usual care on early recovery of urinary continence and erectile function after RP. Materials and Methods: Of 59 eligible men, 31 were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group 1 (Control, N=15) received usual post-RP care; and Group 2 (Physical therapy, N=16) received two pre-RP physical therapist-guided PFMT sessions, including exercises and electromyographic biofeedback, and verbal and written instructions to continue PFMT until RP, which was then resumed after urethral catheter removal. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire were used to evaluate UI and ED, respectively. Results: Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. Three months after RP, the UI rate was 72.7% and 70.0% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P >0.05). The severity and frequency of UI and its impact on QoL were evaluated by the ICIQ-Short Form, with scores of 6.9±6.26 in Group 1 and 7.0±5.12 in Group 2 (P >0.05). The IIEF-5 scores were similar in Groups 1 and 2 (5.73±7.43 vs. 6.70±6.68, respectively) (P >0.05). Conclusion: Our pre-RP protocol of two physical therapist-assisted sessions of PFMT plus instructions did not significantly improve urinary continence or erectile function at 3 months after RP.

Spectral Modification by Operant Conditioning of Cortical Theta Suppression in Rats

OBJECTIVE: Brain activity is known to be voluntarily controllable by neurofeedback, a kind of electroencephalographic (EEG) operant conditioning. Although its efficacy in clinical effects has been reported, it is yet to be uncovered whether or how a specific band activity is controllable. Here, we examined EEG spectral profiles along with conditioning training of a specific brain activity, theta band (4–8 Hz) amplitude, in rats. METHODS: During training, the experimental group received electrical stimulation to the medial forebrain bundle contingent to suppression of theta activity, while the control group received stimulation non-contingent to its own band activity. RESULTS: In the experimental group, theta activity gradually decreased within the training session, while there was an increase of theta activity in the control group. There was a significant difference in theta activity during the sessions between the two groups. The spectral theta peak, originally located at 7 Hz, shifted further towards higher frequencies in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that an operant conditioning technique could train rats to control their specific EEG activity indirectly, and it may be used as an animal model for studying how neuronal systems work in human neurofeedback.

Electroencephalographic Changes Induced by a Neurofeedback Training : A Preliminary Study in Primary Insomniac Patients / 수면정신생리

OBJECTIVES: Insomnia is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders. Recent studies suggest that cognitive and physical arousal play an important role in the generation of primary insomnia. Studies have also shown that information processing disorders due to cortical hyperactivity might interfere with normal sleep onset and sleep continuity. Therefore, focusing on central nervous system arousal and normalizing the information process have become current topics of interest. It has been well known that neurofeedback can reduce the brain hyperarousal by modulating patients' brain waves during a sequence of behavior therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of neurofeedback therapy on electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics in patients with primary insomnia. METHODS: Thirteen subjects who met the criteria for an insomnia diagnosis and 14 control subjects who were matched on sex and age were included. Neurofeedback and sham treatments were performed in a random order for 30 minutes, respectively. EEG spectral power analyses were performed to quantify effects of the neurofeedback therapy on brain wave forms. RESULTS: In patients with primary insomnia, relative spectral theta and sigma power during a therapeutic neurofeedback session were significantly lower than during a sham session (13.9 ± 2.6 vs. 12.2 ± 3.8 and 3.6 ± 0.9 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0 in %, respectively; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in other EEG spectral bands. CONCLUSION: For the first time in Korea, EEG spectral power in the theta band was found to increase when a neurofeedback session was applied to patients with insomnia. This outcome might provide some insight into new interventions for improving sleep onset. However, the treatment response of insomniacs was not precisely evaluated due to limitations of the current pilot study, which requires follow-up studies with larger samples in the future.

Neurofeedback = Mirror of Brain

No abstract available.

Neurofeedback Treatment on Depressive Symptoms and Functional Recovery in Treatment-Resistant Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: an Open-Label Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effects of neurofeedback as an augmentation treatment on depressive symptoms and functional recovery in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHODS: We included 24 adult patients with TRD and 12 healthy adults. 24 TRD patients were assigned to the neurofeedback augmentation group (n = 12) and the medication-only (treatment as usual [TAU]) group (n = 12). The neurofeedback augmentation group underwent combined therapy comprising medication and 12–24 sessions of neurofeedback training for 12 weeks. To assess the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in both groups, pre- and post-treatment blood samples were obtained. Patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), 5-level version of European Quality of Life Questionnaire 5-Dimensional Classification (EQ-5D-5L), and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) at baseline, and at the 1-, 4-, and 12-week. RESULTS: From baseline to week 12, neurofeedback training reduced mean scores on HAM-D, BDI-II, CGI-S, and SDS, and increased mean EQ-5D-5L tariff score. In the neurofeedback augmentation group, the response and remission rates were 58.3% and 50.0%, respectively, at week 12. Changes in HAM-D, EQ-5D-5L tariff score, and SDS were significantly larger in the neurofeedback group than in the medication-only (TAU) group. No significant difference in BDNF level was found pre- vs. post-treatment in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample size, these results suggest that neurofeedback treatment may be effective as an augmentation treatment, not only for depressive symptoms, but also for functional recovery, in patients with TRD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0004183 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04078438

Effects of Quantitative Electroencephalography Based Neurofeedback Training on Autonomous Regulations in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

PURPOSE: The study investigated whether neurofeedback training (NFT) can normalize the excessive high beta and low alpha waves indicative of hyperarousal and subsequently improve autonomous regulation based on the self-determination theory in alcohol use disorders. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group preteste-posttest design was used. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 36 Korean inpatients who met the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test in Korea criteria. Data were collected from quantitative electroencephalography to assess alpha (8–12 Hz) and high beta (21–30 Hz) waves for hyperarousal. The questionnaires included Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction scales that assessed autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and the Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale and Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of NFT over 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared, Manne-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS: In the experimental group, the alpha wave was increased in 15 of 19 sites and high beta waves were decreased in 15 of 19 sites, but this difference was not significant. However, high beta waves were increased in 15 of 19 sites in the control group, with seven sites (Fz, Cz, Pz, Fp2, F4, C4, and P4) showing significant increases. The experimental group showed a significant increase in basic psychological need satisfaction, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, and self-regulation compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: NFT is recommended for improving autonomous regulation in alcohol use disorder as a nursing intervention. However, for significantly attenuating hyperarousal through brain wave correction, it may be necessary to increase the number of neurofeedback sessions.

The Effects of Neurofeedback Training on Physical, Psychoemotional Stress Response and Self-Regulation for Late Adolescence: A Non-Randomized Trial

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of neurofeedback training for reducing stress and enhancing self-regulation in late adolescence to identify the possibility of use for nursing intervention. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were 78 late adolescents assigned to the experimental group (n=39) that received the neurofeedback training and the control group (n=39). Data were collected on heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance level (SCL) to assess stress-biomarker response. The questionnaire contained 164 items from: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Self-regulatory Ability scale. The neurofeedback training was based on the general adaptation syndrome and body-mind medicine. The intervention was conducted in a total of 10 sessions for 30 minutes per session with high-beta, theta and sensory motor rhythm training on scalp at central zero. RESULTS: There were significant difference in standard deviation of normal to normal interval (p=.036) in HRV and SCL (p=.029) of stress-biomarker response between the two groups. Negative affect (p=.036) in PANAS and obsessive compulsive (p=.023) and depression (p < .001) in SCL-90-R were statistically significant. Self-regulation mode (p=.004) in self-regulation ability scale showed a significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the neurofeedback training is effective in stress-biomarkers, psychoemotional stress response and self-regulation. Therefore, neurofeedback training using neuroscientific approach based on brain-mind-body model can be used as an effective nursing intervention for late adolescents in clinics and communities for effective stress responses.

Surface electromyographic biofeedback for behavioral dysphonia in adult people: a systematic review / Biofeedback eletromiográfico de superfície para disfonia comportamental em adultos: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Purpose To review systematically the literature and to analyze the effectiveness of surface electromyographic biofeedback in the rehabilitation of adults with behavioral dysphonia. Research strategies Two authors performed an independent search in the following databases: Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, and Web of Science. A specific search strategy was developed for each database. Selection criteria The review included studies that examined the effectiveness of surface electromyographic biofeedback compared to other direct vocal therapy intervention in adults with behavioral dysphonia. There were no restrictions in regard to language or date of publication. Data analysis Analysis of the risk of bias, heterogeneity, quantitative and qualitative data, sensitivity, subgroups, and publication bias. Results 51 studies were identified, but only two cohort studies remained as prospects for analysis. The studies showed 100% uncertain risk of selection, performance, and detection bias. There was a high degree of clinical heterogeneity. The descriptive analysis showed a reduction in muscle electrical activity and improvement in vocal self-assessment using electromyographic biofeedback; however, it was not possible to calculate the effect size of the interventions. The present study was limited by the fact that it was unable to show a consensus for the majority of data analyzed. Conclusion The available literature does not support a conclusive finding about the effectiveness of surface electromyographic biofeedback compared to other direct interventions used in the rehabilitation of adults with behavioral dysphonia. The studies analyzed vary widely in their clinical procedures and methodology, making it impossible to determine the procedure's effectiveness.

RESUMO Objetivo Revisar sistematicamente a literatura e analisar a efetividade do biofeedback eletromiográfico de superfície na reabilitação de adultos com disfonia comportamental. Estratégia de pesquisa Dois autores realizaram uma busca independente nas bases de dados: Clinical Trials , Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, PUBMED e Web of Science. Elaborou-se uma estratégia de busca específica para cada base. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos estudos que analisaram a efetividade do biofeedback eletromiográfico de superfície comparado com outras intervenções de terapia vocal direta em adultos com disfonia comportamental. Não houve restrição de idioma e data de publicação. Análise de dados Análise do risco de viés, heterogeneidade, dados quantitativos e qualitativos, sensibilidade, subgrupos e viés de publicação. Resultados foram identificados 51 estudos, sendo que apenas dois estudos coorte prospectivos foram analisados. Os estudos apresentaram 100% de risco incerto de viés de seleção, performance e detecção. Houve alta heterogeneidade clínica. A análise descritiva mostrou redução da atividade elétrica muscular e melhora da autoavaliação vocal com o uso do biofeedback eletromiográfico, porém, não foi possível calcular o tamanho do efeito das intervenções. O presente estudo apresentou limitações por não conseguir apresentar um consenso para a maioria dos dados analisados. Conclusão A literatura disponível não permite gerar uma evidência conclusiva acerca da efetividade do biofeedback eletromiográfico comparado a outras intervenções diretas na reabilitação de sujeitos adultos com disfonia comportamental.

Equilíbrio estático por baropodometria em paciente com ataxia cerebelar após tratamento com neurofeedback / Static balance by baropodometry in patient with cerebellar ataxia post neurofeedback therapy

O Neurofeedback é um aparelho que consegue detectar padrões de ondas cerebrais e redirecioná-los para adequar o equilíbrio e potenciais cerebrais. Vem sendo usado nos últimos anos em atletas e de modo muito raro em quadros neurológicos. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o efeito do Neurofeedback (NFB) em uma criança com Ataxia cerebelar, em uma clínica de Fisioterapia, em Fortaleza/CE. Tratou-se de um relato de caso. Foram realizadas uma avaliação inicial e uma ao final da intervenção com NFB por meio de eletroencefalografia quantitativa. Os dados foram analisados por Baropodometria e Estabilometria, durante 30 segundos, na posição bípede, e 50 segundos na posição sentada. O treino foi realizado para inibição de High Beta. Conclui-se que com a inibição dessa onda, houve diminuição na ansiedade da criança, relaxamento muscular, com consequente melhora no equilíbrio, evidenciada na baropodometria. (AU)

Neurofeedback is a device that can detect brain wave patterns and redirect them to optimize balance and brain potentials and has been used in recent years in athletes and neurological conditions. The aim of this interventional case study was to analyze the effect of Neurofeedback (NFB) in a child with cerebellar ataxia in a Physiotherapy clinic located in the city of Fortaleza/CE. Two evaluations were made, one initial and one final, and the data were analyzed by Baropodometry and Stabilometry, 30 seconds in the biped position, and 50 seconds in the sitting position. The training was done for the inhibition of High Beta. We concluded that with the inhibition of this wave, there was a decrease in the anxiety, promoting a muscle relaxing and better equilibrium. (AU)

Alterações no comportamento elétrico cerebral de uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral após atendimento com neurofeedback / Changes in the cerebral electrical behavior of a child with Cerebral Palsy after neurofeedback

O neurofeedback (NFB) é uma técnica não invasiva, buscando potencializar efeitos eletrofisiológicos através de condicionamento operante. Objetivo: Avaliar as mudanças no comportamento elétrico cerebral de uma criança com paralisia cerebral, após 20 atendimentos com NFB. Métodos: Foram realizadas 20 sessões de tratamento de neurofeeback em um paciente de 4 anos com paralisia cerebral, os dados foram coletados através do eletroencefalograma amplificador Pocket Neurobics modelo Q-wiz juntamente com o software Bio-Explorer e processado em sistema TQ-7. Resultados: Após o treino de NFB as frequências em zona C3 Delta reduziram em 10,6%, Theta aumentou 4,9%, Alfha aumentou 1,5%, Low Beta aumentou 1,1%, Beta aumentou 2,3% e High Beta aumentou 0,6%. E as frequências em zona C4 Delta reduziram 3,8%, Theta aumentou 10,4%, Alpha aumentou 1,8%, Low Beta aumentou 0,4%, Beta reduziu 3,1%, High Beta reduziu 3,9%. Conclusão: O NFB apresentou respostas positivas na melhora da espasticidade no paciente com paralisia cerebral e alterações nos padrões de amplitude das frequências. (AU)

Neurofeedback (NFB) is a noninvasive technique, seeking to potentiate electrophysiological effects through operant conditioning. Objective: To evaluate the changes in cerebral electrical behavior of a child with cerebral palsy, after 20 visits with NFB. Methods: Twenty neurofeedback treatment sessions were performed on a 4-year-old patient with cerebral palsy. Data were collected through the Q-wiz Pocket Neurobics amplifier electroencephalogram along with the Bio-Explorer software and processed in the TQ-7 system. Results: After NFB training, frequencies in Delta C3 zone decreased by 10.6%, Theta increased 4.9%, Alfha increased 1.5%, Low Beta increased 1.1%, Beta increased 2.3% and High Beta increased by 0.6%. And the frequencies in Delta C4 zone decreased 3.8%, Theta increased 10.4%, Alfha increased 1.8%, Low Beta increased 0.4%, Beta decreased 3.1%, High Beta reduced by 3.9%. Conclusion: The NFB presented positive responses in the improvement of spasticity in the patient with cerebral palsy and changes in frequency amplitude patterns.(AU)

The Revised Korean Practice Parameter for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (IV): Non-Pharmacologic Treatment

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that begins in early childhood and can persist throughout adulthood. ADHD causes difficulties in various area of life, such as academic achievement, peer relationships, family functioning, employment and marriage. Although ADHD is known to respond well to medication, such treatment is more effective when combined with psychosocial (non-pharmacologic) therapy in terms of alleviating the core symptoms and improving appropriate functions. Psychosocial treatment interventions are divided into psychoeducation, behavioral parent training, school intervention, cognitive behavior therapy, social skill training, parent-child interaction therapy, play therapy, other treatments (coaching, complementary and alternative medicine), neurofeedback and Cogmed. Adult ADHD cognitive behavioral therapy is described separately. These practice parameters summarize the evidence for psychosocial treatment. Based on this evidence, specific recommendations are provided for psychosocial interventions.

Combinación de tres técnicas en el reentrenamiento de un músico con distonía focal: estudio de un caso / The use of three combined techniques in the retraining of a mucisian with focal dystonia: a case study

La distonía resulta de una co-contracción sostenida de músculos agonistas y antagonistas que puede causar torsión, movimientos involuntarios o posturas anormales que interfieren con el control voluntario de la mano, u otro grupo muscular, involucrados en una determinada acción; por ejemplo, tocar un instrumento, o escribir.El presente estudio descriptivo, de caso único, buscó probar la efectividad de un tratamiento que combinó tres técnicas (técnica del umbral, imaginería, y relajación por neurofeedback) en el reentrenamiento de un concertista profesional con distonía focal. Según evaluación por jueces, los resultados después de dos semanas de tratamiento, no fueron concluyentes. Sin embargo, el reporte experiencial del propio músico dio cuenta de una clara mejoría. Ante la carencia de un método efectivo para larehabilitación demúsicos con distonía focal, la relevancia del presente estudio consistió en identificar y combinar técnicas específicas que pueden contribuir a ese propósito. En estudios futuros, sería de interés probar el efecto del mismo tratamiento,pero más prolongado; o el efecto de la incorporación de las técnicas en sucesión progresiva, iniciando siempre con la relajación por neurofeedback.

Focal dystonia results from a sustained simultaneous co-contraction of agonists and antagonists muscle fibers which can cause twisting, involuntary movements or abnormal postures that interfere with voluntary control of the hand, arm, mouth, or other muscle groups involved in a given action; for example, playing an instrument, or hand writing. This descriptive, single case study, sought to explore the effectiveness of a treatment that combined three procedures: the threshold technique, imagery, and neurofeedback induced relaxation, in retraining of a professional cello player with focal dystonia. After two weeks of treatment, experts judged the results inconclusive; however, the report from the actual patient accounted for a note worthy recovery over time. In the absence of an effective method to rehabilitate musicians with focal dystonia, the relevance of this study resided on thepossibility of identifying and combining specific techniques that could be effective. Future studies might want to explore these same or different techniques, but perhaps for a longer period of time.

The Learning Curve in neurofeedback of Peter Van Deusen: A review article / A curva da aprendizagem de Peter Van Deusen em neurofeedback: artigo de revisão

ABSTRACT The Learning Curve (TLC) in neurofeedback concept emerged after Peter Van Deusen compiled the results of articles on the expected electrical activity of the brain. This concept was subsequently tested on patients at four clinics in Atlanta between 1994 and 2001. The aim of this paper was to report the historical aspects of TLC. Articles published on the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science were reviewed. During patient evaluation, TLC investigates categories called disconnected, hot temporal lobes, reversal of alpha and beta waves, blocking, locking, and filtering or processing. This enables neuroscientists to use their training designs and, by means of behavioral psychology, to work on neuroregulation, as self-regulation for patients. TLC shows the relationships between electrical, mental and behavioral activity in patients. It also identifies details of patterns that can assist physicians in their choice of treatment.

RESUMO A TLC em neurofeedback surgiu após uma reunião de periódicos organizada por Peter Van Deusen sobre as atividades elétricas cerebrais esperadas e depois testadas em diversos pacientes em quatro consultórios, em Atlanta, de 1994 a 2001. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o aspecto histórico da TLC. Realizou-se uma revisão na base eletrônica MEDLINE/PubMed e Web of Science. A TLC investiga as categorias denominadas desconectados, temporais quentes, inversões de alpha e beta, bloqueando, trancando, filtrando e processando e, em seguida, possibilita, em seus designs de treinamento, que o (a) neurocientista trabalhe, por meio da psicologia comportamentalista, a autoneuroregulação do paciente. A TLC mostra as relações entre as atividades elétricas, mentais e comportamentais nos pacientes e também fornece uma identificação detalhada dos padrões que podem ajudar os médicos na escolha dos tratamentos.

effect of neurofeedback therapy on reducing symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case series study

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study without a control group. The study population included all children aged 5 to 12 years old affected with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders in Tehran, Iran who were referred to psychiatric clinics and given the diagnosis. The sample included 12 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were selected based on their availability [non-random sampling]. They received 30 sessions of neurofeedback treatment, 2 times per week. Before and after neurofeedback training, the children were evaluated and compared with the use of cognitive assessment system test. Data were analyzed using dependent T-test

Results: The total mean score for pretest was 88.81 while the total mean score for the post test was 82.23. The mean in pretest for attention hyperactivity disorder was higher than the mean in the post test. Moreover, The difference of pretest and post test scores of children affected with learning disorder associated with ADHD was calculated that showed significant [P=0.003]

Conclusion: Neurofeedback is effective in the improvement of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Bruxismo do sono e o padrão neurocomportamental – proposta de protocolo de biofeedback multimodal / Sleep bruxism and its neurobehavioral pattern – a proposal of a multimodal biofeedback protocol

O bruxismo do sono (BS) é uma manifestação intensa da atividade muscular mastigatória rítmica, caracterizado pelo ranger e apertar dos dentes durante o sono. Sua etiologia ainda não foi definida, o que dificulta o diagnóstico e, consequentemente, o plano de tratamento. As abordagens terapêuticas convencionais são o uso de placas e fármacos, questionadas por serem padronizadas, sem abordagem individualizada e com efeitos colaterais adversos. Conforme revisões da literatura, hipóteses etiológicas apontam a participação expressiva do sistema nervoso central (SNC), especialmente do sistema límbico (SL), sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA) e do reflexo vago-trigeminal, na origem do BS. Um postulado consistente relaciona o BS como um ajuste para o estresse. Estudos demonstram que o BS pode ser um mecanismo fisiológico de autorregulação do sistema autonômico, como resposta para estabelecer alostasia do sistema corporal frente a ocorrências noturnas de taquicardias decorrentes da atividade cerebral, quando ocorrem microdespertares fisiológicos de sentinela, durante o sono. Este estudo apresentou um protocolo com instrumentos para coleta e retroalimentação de sinais biológicos, com a finalidade de identificar alterações fisiológicas que sejam compatíveis ou não com alterações emocionais, que possam desencadear o bruxismo. Esses instrumentos possibilitam a autorregulação dos eventos psicofisiológicos e o desenvolvimento de habilidades pelo próprio indivíduo, permitindo o controle de suas emoções e comportamento. Esse processo terapêutico é conhecido como biofeedback (BF). O treinamento com o BF permite regularizar rítmos internos, propiciando desaceleração das funções neurofisiológicas, atenuando os efeitos desta atividade não funcional...

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a severe manifestation of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity characterized by grinding and clenching of teeth during sleep. Its etiology has not been set yet which complicates the diagnosis and therefore the treatment plan. The more conventional therapeutic approaches are the use of intra oral plates and drugs, that are being questioned for being a standardized approach and not individualized, with adverse side effects. Describe in the literature, etiological hypotheses suggest significant participation of the central nervous system (CNS), especially the limbic system (LS), autonomous nervous system (ANS) and the vague-trigeminal reflex, in the SB source. A consistent postulate relates SB to a mechanism for adjustment to stress. Some studies show that BS may be a physiological mechanism of self-regulation of the autonomic system, as a response to establish body system alostasia when tachycardia occurs during sleep associated to physiological sentinel microarousals. This work is meant to provide information to assist health professionals to assess the behavioral and emotional relation with BS. Furthermore, this study presents a protocol with instruments to collect and feedback data related to biological signals, in order to identify physiological changes which are compatible or not with emotional changes that may trigger bruxism. These instruments, allow self-regulation of psychophysiological events by the individual and the development of habilities that enables to control of emotions and behavior. This therapeutic process is known as Biofeedback (BF). Training with the BF allows to regularize the heart and respiratory rate, providing deceleration of neurophysiological functions, mitigating the effects of this nonfunctional activity...

Design of Rehabilitation Training System with Electromyography Feedback for Stroke Patients / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper proposed a rehabilitation training system with electromyography (sEMG) feedback for stroke patients based on ARM embedded system and LabVIEW. The system can achieve real-time acquisition, processing and dualview of multi-channel sEMGs and compute related sEMG parameters including iEMG, RMS, MPF and co-contraction ratio. The system was detected by clinical experiments and related inspection department. The result showed that the system is functional, interactive and in accordance with the relevant standards for medical devices so that it can fully satisfy the clinical demands. In addition, the system can help doctors to master the training state of the patient more effectively in a real-time and quantitative way that is direct to improve the training programs of stroke patients.

The Treatment Effect of Neurofeedback Training on Executive Function in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

OBJECTIVES: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been shown to display more inhibitory deficits and executive function deficits. This study investigated the treatment effects of neurofeedback (NF) training on executive function by comparing the results of neuropsychological tests of the trained children at pre- and post-training. METHODS: Fifteen children with ADHD, aged 6 to 14 years, participated in the study. The NF treatment consisted of slow cortical potential (SCP) training and these sessions took place once a week. The ADHD children performed 20 sessions of NF training within 6 months. Pre-training and post-training assessments encompassed Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Stroop Test, Children's Color Trails Test I&II (CCTT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). RESULTS: Patients receiving NF training showed significant improvement in visual commission error and standard deviation of auditory response time on CPT ; and total errors on WCST. But there was no significant improvement in the Stroop test and CCTT. CONCLUSION: SCP training using NF improves the self-regulatory capacities and impulsivity in ADHD patient, especially impulsivity in visual stimulation tasks. This study showed evidence of clinical efficacy of NF on executive function in ADHD.

Clinical Significance for Neurofeedback Training of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / 신경정신의학

The aim of this article was to determine clinical significance of neurofeedback training of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many previous studies showed that the characteristic pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) can be found in ADHD children. Neurofeedback training is developed based on this characteristic EEG pattern. Theta power and theta/beta power ratio have been known as useful indicators of neurofeedback training. However, in Korea, direct analysis of EEG change patterns before and after neurofeedback training is very rare. We reviewed the current findings of neurofeedback training of children with ADHD, and its clinical implications were discussed.